What is cilantro

Overview

Cilantro is the fresh leafy portion of the coriander plant, scientifically known as Coriandrum sativum. The name 'cilantro' comes from Spanish and is primarily used in the Americas, while the herb is called 'coriander leaves' in the United Kingdom and other regions. The same plant produces both the fresh herb (cilantro) and the dried seeds (coriander spice), making it unique in serving multiple culinary purposes across different cuisines worldwide.

Flavor and Taste Perception

Cilantro is famous for its polarizing flavor profile. Many people describe it as fresh, citrusy, and slightly peppery with a pleasant herbaceous quality. However, approximately 4-14% of the population perceives cilantro as having a distinctly soapy or metallic taste. This genetic difference is caused by a variation in the olfactory receptor gene OR6A2, which affects how individuals detect certain aromatic compounds. This genetic predisposition explains why some people love cilantro while others find it unpalatable, making it one of the most polarizing herbs in cooking.

Culinary Uses

Cilantro is an essential ingredient in numerous global cuisines. In Mexican cooking, it appears in guacamole, salsas, ceviche, and fresh salsas. Indian cuisine uses cilantro in chutneys, curries, and as a garnish for soups and rice dishes. Thai food incorporates cilantro in curries, noodle dishes, and as a fresh accompaniment to meals. Middle Eastern and North African cuisines feature cilantro prominently in salads, cooked dishes, and as a finishing herb. Beyond traditional uses, cilantro has become increasingly popular in Western cuisines in salad dressings, marinades, and fusion dishes.

Nutritional Benefits

Cilantro offers several nutritional advantages. It is rich in vitamin K, essential for bone health and blood clotting. The herb also contains vitamin A, which supports eye health and immune function. Additionally, cilantro contains antioxidants and phytonutrients that help protect cells from oxidative damage. Some traditional medicine systems attribute detoxifying properties to cilantro, though scientific evidence for heavy metal removal remains limited. Fresh cilantro is low in calories and can be consumed generously as part of a balanced diet.

Storage and Selection

To keep cilantro fresh, store it like fresh flowers by placing the stems in a glass of water and covering loosely with a plastic bag in the refrigerator for up to two weeks. Alternatively, wrap the leaves in damp paper towels and place in a plastic bag in the refrigerator crisper drawer. When selecting cilantro at the market, choose bunches with bright green leaves and no visible wilting or browning. Cilantro can also be frozen for later use, though this affects texture and works best for cooked dishes rather than fresh applications.