What Is Diabetes

Last updated: March 31, 2026

Quick Answer: Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body cannot properly process blood sugar (glucose) due to problems with insulin. In Type 1, the body doesn't produce insulin. In Type 2, the body doesn't use insulin effectively. Untreated, it causes dangerously high blood sugar.

Key Facts

Over 537 million adults worldwide have diabetes
Type 2 accounts for 90-95% of all cases
Prediabetes affects 96 million American adults and 80% don't know
Type 2 can often be prevented with diet and exercise
Diabetes is the 8th leading cause of death globally

Overview

When you eat, your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. The pancreas produces insulin, which unlocks cells so glucose can enter for energy. Diabetes disrupts this, causing glucose to build up in blood.

Types

Type 1: Autoimmune — immune system destroys insulin-producing cells. Usually develops in children/young adults. Must take insulin daily. Cannot be prevented.

Type 2: Body becomes resistant to insulin. Develops gradually in adults. Linked to obesity and inactivity. Often manageable with lifestyle changes.

Gestational: Develops during pregnancy. Usually resolves after birth but increases Type 2 risk.

Symptoms

Frequent urination and increased thirst
Unexplained weight loss
Blurred vision and fatigue
Slow-healing wounds

Complications

Uncontrolled diabetes can cause heart disease, kidney failure, vision loss, nerve damage. With proper management, most people live full lives.

Sources

Wikipedia — Diabetes CC-BY-SA-4.0
CDC — Diabetes public_domain