What is dialysis

How Dialysis Works

Dialysis functions as an artificial kidney, performing the kidney's essential functions. It uses the principle of diffusion and ultrafiltration to move waste from the blood into a special fluid called dialysate. The dialysate contains balanced electrolytes and glucose that allow the right substances to remain in the blood while removing toxins and excess water.

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis is the most common form of dialysis. During treatment, blood is removed from the body through a vascular access (usually in the arm), filtered through a dialyzer machine, and returned to the body. The procedure typically takes 3-5 hours and occurs 3 times per week. Patients must follow strict fluid and dietary restrictions between treatments.

Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity) as the filter. A catheter is placed in the abdomen, and dialysate is introduced into the peritoneal cavity where it absorbs waste over several hours. The fluid is then drained and replaced. This method can be done at home and provides more flexibility than hemodialysis.

Life with Dialysis

Dialysis requires significant lifestyle adjustments including restricted fluid intake, modified diet, and regular treatment schedules. Patients must monitor their health carefully and follow medical recommendations strictly. However, dialysis allows people with kidney failure to maintain quality of life and continue working, studying, and caring for families.

Kidney Transplantation

While dialysis sustains life, many patients eventually receive a kidney transplant, which offers better long-term outcomes. A successful transplant from a donor kidney reduces treatment burden and improves quality of life. However, patients still require immunosuppressive medications and regular monitoring even after transplantation.