What is flat white

Last updated: April 1, 2026

Quick Answer: A flat white is a coffee beverage made with espresso shots and velvety steamed milk (microfoam). It originated in Australia and New Zealand, offering a richer coffee flavor than a latte due to its higher espresso-to-milk ratio.

Key Facts

Overview

A flat white is a specialty coffee drink that combines espresso with steamed milk and microfoam. The drink's defining characteristic is its velvety microfoam—finely textured steamed milk that integrates smoothly with the espresso, creating a rich and creamy beverage. Unlike other milk-based coffees, the flat white emphasizes the coffee's flavor while maintaining a silky mouthfeel.

Origin and History

The flat white has its roots in Australia and New Zealand, with both countries claiming credit for its invention during the 1980s. The drink became a staple in Australian and New Zealand coffee culture before spreading internationally. The name "flat" refers to the absence of a large layer of foam, distinguishing it from cappuccinos which have thicker foam tops.

Key Characteristics

The flat white is typically prepared with a double shot of espresso (around 2 ounces) and 3-4 ounces of steamed milk with microfoam. The ratio of espresso to milk is approximately 1:2, which is higher in espresso content than a latte. The microfoam is crucial—it should be smooth and glossy, not bubbly or thick. This creates the signature velvety texture that makes the drink distinctive.

Flat White vs Other Coffee Drinks

While similar to lattes and cappuccinos, flat whites differ in several ways:

Preparation and Technique

Creating a proper flat white requires skill in milk steaming. Baristas must steam milk to create fine microfoam rather than large bubbles. The milk is then poured into the espresso with controlled movements to maintain the microfoam throughout the drink. This technique-sensitive preparation is why flat white quality varies between coffee shops.

Related Questions

What is the difference between a flat white and a latte?

A flat white has a higher espresso-to-milk ratio and thinner microfoam, making it stronger and creamier than a latte. A latte contains more milk and has a larger foam layer, resulting in a milder coffee flavor. Both use espresso and steamed milk but in different proportions.

How do you make a flat white?

Pull a double shot of espresso into a cup, then steam milk to create fine microfoam. Pour the steamed milk into the espresso while maintaining the microfoam throughout, typically resulting in a 5-6 oz drink. The key is creating velvety microfoam rather than large bubbles.

Is a flat white the same as a cappuccino?

No, though both use espresso and milk. A cappuccino has a thicker layer of foam and less steamed milk, creating a lighter, airier texture. A flat white has smoother microfoam and more steamed milk, resulting in a creamier, stronger coffee taste.

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Sources

  1. Wikipedia - Flat White CC-BY-SA-4.0
  2. Britannica - Flat White Fair Use