What is hs disease

Last updated: April 1, 2026

Quick Answer: HS (Hidradenitis Suppurativa) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease causing recurring painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts, typically in skin fold areas.

Key Facts

Overview

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tract formation. The condition typically affects areas of skin friction, including the armpits, groin, buttocks, and under the breasts. HS is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts quality of life and requires ongoing medical management and support.

Symptoms and Presentation

HS presents with painful lesions that begin as nodules and progress to abscesses and open sores. The lesions often drain fluid and may develop interconnected sinus tracts beneath the skin surface. Secondary infections are common, and scarring frequently occurs in affected areas. Many patients experience recurrent flare-ups triggered by friction, sweating, hormonal changes, or stress.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of HS remains unclear, though research suggests an immune system dysfunction plays a central role. Genetic predisposition appears significant, with familial clustering observed in many cases. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, and hormonal factors. The condition is not contagious and cannot be spread through contact.

Diagnosis and Treatment

HS diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on characteristic lesion presentation and location. Treatment approaches range from conservative measures including antibiotics, antiseptic washes, and intralesional injections to advanced therapies such as immunosuppressants and biologic medications. Surgical drainage or excision may be necessary for severe cases. Weight management and smoking cessation are important complementary interventions.

Impact and Support

HS significantly affects physical health, emotional well-being, and social functioning. Chronic pain, drainage, and visible lesions can lead to depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal. Patient education, psychological support, and connection with support communities are essential components of comprehensive HS management.

Related Questions

How is HS disease diagnosed?

HS is diagnosed clinically by examining the characteristic painful nodules and abscesses in typical locations, combined with patient history. No specific laboratory test definitively diagnoses HS, though imaging may assess severity.

Can HS disease be cured?

Currently, there is no cure for HS, though various treatments can manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups. Early intervention with appropriate medical and lifestyle modifications can improve outcomes and quality of life.

Is hidradenitis suppurativa contagious?

No, HS is not contagious and cannot be transmitted through contact or bodily fluids. It is an inflammatory condition involving immune system dysfunction, not an infection.

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Sources

  1. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Public Domain
  2. Wikipedia - Hidradenitis Suppurativa CC-BY-SA-4.0