What is iui vs ivf

IUI vs IVF: Key Differences

Both IUI and IVF are assisted reproductive techniques used to help people achieve pregnancy, but they work in fundamentally different ways. Understanding the differences can help individuals and couples make informed decisions about which procedure might be most appropriate for their fertility situation.

IUI Process

IUI (intrauterine insemination) is a minimally invasive procedure where prepared sperm is placed directly into the uterus near ovulation time. The woman may take fertility medications to stimulate ovulation, but the process relies on sperm finding and fertilizing the egg naturally within the reproductive tract. The entire procedure takes less than 5 minutes and requires no anesthesia.

IVF Process

IVF (in vitro fertilization) is a more complex multi-step process. It begins with hormone stimulation to produce multiple eggs, followed by egg retrieval surgery under anesthesia. Eggs are then fertilized with sperm in a laboratory, and resulting embryos develop for 3-5 days. Finally, one or more embryos are transferred into the uterus. The entire cycle typically takes 2-3 weeks.

When to Choose IUI

IUI is often recommended as a first-line treatment for male factor infertility (low sperm count or poor motility), cervical factor infertility, and unexplained infertility. It's also a good option for single women or same-sex couples using donor sperm. IUI is less invasive and more affordable, making it an attractive starting point.

When to Choose IVF

IVF is more appropriate for severe male factor infertility, low ovarian reserve (few eggs), blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, or previous IUI failures. IVF provides more control over the fertilization process and allows embryos to be tested before transfer in some cases. The higher success rates justify the increased cost and invasiveness for these conditions.

Success Rates and Outcomes

IUI success rates typically range from 10-20% per cycle for most age groups, with cumulative rates of 40-60% over 3-6 cycles. IVF success rates are generally higher at 20-50% per cycle depending on age, ranging from about 50% for women under 35 to less than 10% for women over 42. Age is the strongest predictor of success for both procedures.