What is rsv virus

Last updated: April 1, 2026

Quick Answer: RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) is a common viral infection that affects the respiratory system, particularly impacting young children, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised people. It causes symptoms similar to the common cold but can be serious in vulnerable populations.

Key Facts

Overview

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the most common respiratory viruses affecting humans worldwide. First identified in 1956, RSV causes seasonal epidemics primarily during winter months in temperate climates. While most people recover without complications, the virus can be particularly dangerous for vulnerable populations including infants, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.

Symptoms and Illness

RSV infection typically presents with upper respiratory symptoms in healthy adults, including runny nose, congestion, sore throat, and mild cough. In infants and young children, the virus often progresses to the lower respiratory tract, causing bronchiolitis (inflammation of small airways) characterized by wheezing, rapid breathing, and difficulty feeding. Symptoms generally last 7-10 days, though cough may persist for several weeks.

Transmission and Prevention

The virus spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. RSV can survive on hard surfaces for up to 7 hours and on hands for 17 minutes. Prevention strategies include:

Diagnosis and Treatment

RSV is diagnosed through nasopharyngeal swabs tested with rapid antigen tests or PCR. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment; care is primarily supportive, focusing on maintaining hydration and monitoring oxygen levels. Most cases resolve independently, though severe cases may require hospitalization and supplemental oxygen.

High-Risk Populations

Premature infants, children with chronic lung disease, immunocompromised patients, and elderly individuals face higher risks of severe RSV infection. A monoclonal antibody called palivizumab is available for passive immunization in high-risk infants, and new RSV vaccines have recently become available for older adults.

Related Questions

How long does RSV last in the body?

RSV symptoms typically resolve within 7-10 days in healthy individuals, though cough may linger for 2-3 weeks. The virus is usually cleared from the body within 2-3 weeks, but vulnerable populations may experience longer illness duration.

Is there an RSV vaccine available?

Yes, the FDA recently approved RSV vaccines for adults. Two vaccines (Arexvy and GSKs Abrysvo) are approved for older adults aged 60 and above, significantly reducing risk of severe RSV disease.

Can you get RSV more than once?

Yes, reinfection is common because immunity acquired from infection is not permanent. Most people experience multiple RSV infections throughout their lifetime, though subsequent infections are typically milder.

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Sources

  1. CDC - RSV Information Public Domain
  2. Wikipedia - Respiratory Syncytial Virus CC-BY-SA-4.0
  3. MedlinePlus - RSV Public Domain