What is rzv

Last updated: April 1, 2026

Quick Answer: RZV typically refers to Recombinant Zoster Vaccine, a genetically engineered vaccine for preventing herpes zoster (shingles). It's also the approved name for Shingrix, which provides over 90% protection against shingles in older adults.

Key Facts

Overview

Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV), marketed as Shingrix, represents a significant advancement in shingles prevention. Unlike the older live attenuated vaccine (Zostavax), RZV is a non-live recombinant vaccine that provides significantly higher protection rates and is suitable for a broader range of populations.

Vaccine Development and Technology

RZV was developed using recombinant DNA technology to produce the varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E antigen. This antigen is paired with an advanced adjuvant system called AS01B, which enhances and directs the body's immune response. The recombinant approach eliminates concerns about vaccine virus reactivation or transmission, making it safer for immunocompromised individuals.

Efficacy and Protection

Clinical trials demonstrated remarkable effectiveness of RZV:

Administration and Schedule

RZV is administered as an intramuscular injection in a two-dose series. The second dose is given 2 to 6 months after the first dose. Both doses should be completed for optimal protection. Healthcare providers can administer RZV regardless of whether patients have previously received Zostavax.

Recommendations and Eligibility

The CDC recommends RZV for:

RZV can be given to immunocompromised individuals, including those with HIV, cancer, or taking immunosuppressive medications, making it broader in applicability than live vaccines.

Related Questions

What is the difference between RZV and Zostavax?

RZV is a non-live recombinant vaccine providing over 90% protection, while Zostavax was a live attenuated vaccine with about 50% efficacy. RZV can be given to immunocompromised people, whereas Zostavax could not, and RZV provides superior and more durable protection.

Who should receive the RZV vaccine?

The CDC recommends RZV for all adults aged 50 and older, and for adults 18-49 at increased risk due to immunocompromised status or chronic conditions. Healthcare workers and other high-risk groups should also be vaccinated.

How long does RZV immunity last?

Clinical trials have demonstrated sustained protection for at least 4 years after the two-dose series. Long-term studies suggest the protection may be durable, though ongoing monitoring continues to determine the duration of immunity.

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Sources

  1. CDC - Shingles Vaccination Public Domain
  2. Wikipedia - Herpes Zoster Vaccine CC-BY-SA-4.0