What is scientology

History and Founding

Scientology was founded in 1954 by L. Ron Hubbard, a science fiction writer and inventor. Hubbard developed the religion's core teachings in the early 1950s, publishing foundational texts including 'Dianetics' in 1950. The Church of Scientology was officially established as a religious organization to promote Hubbard's teachings. Since its founding, the organization has grown to include thousands of members worldwide, along with numerous related businesses and organizations operating in entertainment, publishing, and other industries.

Core Beliefs and Teachings

Scientology teaches that humans are spiritual beings called 'thetans' who have lived through multiple lifetimes and reincarnations. Members believe that by engaging in the church's practices, individuals can achieve higher levels of spiritual awareness and eventually reach 'Operating Thetan' status. The religion incorporates concepts of past lives, spiritual advancement through knowledge, and the idea that psychological and physical problems stem from traumatic experiences in past lives called 'engrams.' Scientology emphasizes that advanced knowledge comes through study and spiritual practice within the organization.

Auditing and Practices

Auditing is the primary spiritual practice in Scientology, where members work with a trained auditor in a counseling session. During auditing, a member uses a device called an 'E-meter' to measure emotional and spiritual responses while discussing their experiences. Scientologists believe auditing removes negative engrams and promotes spiritual progression. The process is expensive and typically requires many hours over years to advance through the organization's spiritual levels. Cost is a significant factor in membership, with some members spending thousands or even hundreds of thousands of dollars on auditing services.

Organizational Structure

The Church of Scientology operates as a hierarchical organization with multiple levels of membership and advancement. The Sea Organization is an elite group within Scientology dedicated to the church's mission. Members progress through levels of spiritual advancement by completing courses and undergoing auditing. The organization maintains strict control over teachings and practices, and advanced materials are only available to members at higher levels who have paid substantial fees.

Controversies and Criticisms

The Church of Scientology has faced numerous controversies including lawsuits, allegations of fraud, and claims of unethical practices. Critics argue the organization exploits members financially, practices disconnection from family members who leave, and uses aggressive litigation against critics. The organization has been investigated by governments in multiple countries regarding labor practices, financial transparency, and treatment of members. Documentaries and investigative journalism have raised concerns about the organization's practices and member treatment.