Why do edo cover their mouth

Overview

The Edo people, indigenous to southern Nigeria's Edo State, have maintained distinctive cultural practices for centuries, including the tradition of covering one's mouth in specific ceremonial contexts. This custom originates from the historic Benin Empire (c. 1180-1897), one of West Africa's most powerful pre-colonial states known for its sophisticated bronze casting, administrative systems, and elaborate court rituals. Historical records from Portuguese explorers in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, including Duarte Pacheco Pereira's writings from 1505-1508, document early observations of Benin court etiquette. The practice developed within a hierarchical society where the Oba (king) held divine status, believed to be descended from the god Osanobua. During the empire's peak (15th-17th centuries), these protocols became codified as part of palace ceremonies, with violations considered serious offenses. The tradition survived British colonization in 1897 and continues today, particularly during traditional festivals and royal events in modern Benin City, which serves as the cultural capital for approximately 4 million Edo people worldwide.

How It Works

The mouth-covering practice follows specific protocols depending on the ceremonial context. When greeting the Oba or senior chiefs, individuals typically place their right hand over their mouth while bowing or prostrating, with the exact hand position varying by circumstance. During the Igue festival (held annually in December), participants cover their mouths while chanting prayers to prevent disrespectful utterances during sacred rituals. The gesture serves multiple purposes: physically preventing inappropriate speech, symbolizing the suppression of individual ego before authority, and creating a visual demonstration of reverence. In coronation ceremonies, new chiefs cover their mouths when taking oaths of loyalty. The practice extends to certain religious contexts where devotees cover their mouths during invocations to ancestral spirits or deities like Olokun. Modern adaptations include modified versions during cultural performances and educational demonstrations, though traditionalists maintain strict adherence to historical protocols during palace events.

Why It Matters

This tradition matters as a living connection to Benin's historical identity and cultural continuity. It preserves social values of respect and hierarchy that have maintained community cohesion for centuries. The practice has gained renewed significance in contemporary Nigeria as Edo people assert cultural distinctiveness within the nation's diverse ethnic landscape. Internationally, it represents Africa's rich ceremonial heritage, featured in cultural exhibitions and academic studies of nonverbal communication. The mouth-covering ritual also has practical importance in conflict prevention within traditional settings by physically preventing heated speech during disputes. As younger generations migrate globally, maintaining this practice helps sustain cultural identity in diaspora communities from London to Houston. Furthermore, it supports cultural tourism in Edo State, where visitors can witness these traditions during public festivals, contributing to local economies while promoting cross-cultural understanding.