Why do lawyers wear wigs

Content on WhatAnswers is provided "as is" for informational purposes. While we strive for accuracy, we make no guarantees. Content is AI-assisted and should not be used as professional advice.

Last updated: April 8, 2026

Quick Answer: Lawyers wear wigs primarily due to historical traditions dating back to the 17th century in England, specifically during the reign of King Charles II (1660-1685). The practice became formalized in English courts around the 1680s as a symbol of professionalism and to obscure personal identity, promoting impartiality. Today, wigs are still worn in some Commonwealth countries like the UK, Australia, and Canada, though usage has declined; for example, the UK abolished wigs in civil and family courts in 2007, but they remain in criminal cases.

Key Facts

The tradition of lawyers wearing wigs began in England in the 17th century, around the 1680s, during King Charles II's reign.
Wigs were originally made from horsehair, wool, or human hair and could cost up to £800 (about $1,000 USD) each in modern terms.
In 2007, the UK abolished wigs in civil and family courts, but they are still used in criminal courts in England and Wales.
Wigs are worn in some Commonwealth countries, including the UK, Australia (in higher courts), Canada (in some provinces), and New Zealand, but have been phased out in others like Ireland.
The practice symbolizes formality, anonymity, and equality, with over 300 years of history in legal systems.

Overview

The tradition of lawyers wearing wigs, known as perukes, originated in 17th-century England, specifically during the reign of King Charles II (1660-1685). In the 1680s, wigs became fashionable among the aristocracy and were adopted by legal professionals to convey authority and professionalism. By the 18th century, wigs were standardized in English courts, with styles like the full-bottomed wig for formal occasions and the bench wig for everyday use. This practice spread to British colonies, including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, as part of common law systems. Over time, wigs evolved from symbols of status to tools for anonymity, helping judges and barristers appear impartial by masking personal identity. In the UK, wigs are still used today, though reforms in the 20th and 21st centuries have reduced their prevalence, reflecting changing societal norms and practical considerations.

How It Works

Wigs in legal settings function through specific mechanisms tied to tradition and protocol. They are typically made from horsehair, which is durable and maintains shape, though historically, materials included wool or human hair. The process involves crafting wigs in standardized styles: for example, barristers in the UK wear short, curled wigs, while judges may wear longer, fuller wigs for ceremonial events. In courts, wigs are donned as part of formal attire, along with gowns and bands, to create a uniform appearance that emphasizes the role over the individual. This helps reduce bias by making lawyers and judges less recognizable, fostering a sense of equality before the law. The maintenance includes regular cleaning and storage in special boxes to preserve their condition. In modern times, wigs are often reserved for higher courts or criminal cases, with usage governed by court rules, such as in England and Wales where they are mandatory in criminal trials but optional in others.

Why It Matters

The practice of wearing wigs matters due to its impact on legal culture and public perception. It upholds historical continuity, linking modern legal systems to centuries of tradition, which can enhance the solemnity and authority of court proceedings. For example, in the UK, wigs contribute to the distinctive identity of the judiciary, with surveys showing mixed public opinions: some view them as outdated, while others see them as symbols of fairness. Real-world applications include their use in international contexts, such as in Commonwealth countries, where they help maintain legal uniformity. However, criticisms argue that wigs can be costly and uncomfortable, leading to reforms like the 2007 abolition in UK civil courts. Overall, wigs symbolize the balance between tradition and modernity in law, affecting how justice is perceived and administered globally.