Why do mps stand up in parliament

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Last updated: April 8, 2026

Quick Answer: MPs stand up in Parliament primarily to catch the Speaker's attention when they wish to speak during debates, a practice formalized in the 19th century. The Speaker, who has presided since 1377, uses visual cues to manage debates in the House of Commons, which typically has 650 MPs. Standing is required under parliamentary rules to indicate readiness to contribute, with the Speaker selecting speakers based on factors like party balance and relevance.

Key Facts

The Speaker of the House of Commons has presided over debates since 1377, managing speaking order.
The House of Commons has 650 MPs as of 2023, all potentially seeking to speak during sessions.
Standing to speak became a formalized practice in the 19th century with the codification of parliamentary procedure.
The Speaker selects speakers based on factors including party representation, seniority, and debate relevance.
MPs must stand to be recognized; remaining seated typically indicates they are not seeking to contribute.

Overview

MPs stand up in Parliament primarily to participate in debates, a practice rooted in centuries of British parliamentary tradition. The custom dates back to the medieval origins of the House of Commons, where members would physically rise to address the assembly. By the 19th century, as parliamentary procedure became more formalized under figures like Speaker Charles Shaw-Lefevre (1839-1857), standing to speak was codified into the rules. This practice is governed by "Erskine May," the authoritative guide to parliamentary procedure first published in 1844. In the modern House of Commons, with 650 MPs as of 2023, this system helps manage debates efficiently. The Speaker, a role established in 1377, uses visual cues to maintain order, as verbal interruptions are discouraged. Historically, this prevented chaotic overlapping speech, especially during heated debates like those over the Reform Acts of the 1830s.

How It Works

The process begins when an MP wishes to speak during a debate. They must stand up from their seat in the chamber to signal their desire to contribute. The Speaker, seated at the front, scans the room and selects MPs to speak based on established conventions. Factors influencing selection include party balance (to ensure diverse viewpoints), seniority, relevance to the topic, and whether the MP has not spoken recently. MPs typically remain standing while speaking, and if they wish to intervene or ask a question, they must stand again. The Speaker may also call MPs who "catch the eye" by standing promptly. This mechanism is detailed in parliamentary standing orders, such as those updated in 2020, which emphasize decorum. In contrast, MPs who remain seated are generally not recognized, unless in specific contexts like written questions. The system is designed to prevent disruptions, with the Speaker's authority upheld by tradition and rules.

Why It Matters

This practice matters because it ensures orderly and fair debate in one of the world's oldest democratic institutions. By requiring MPs to stand, it reduces chaotic interruptions and allows the Speaker to manage time effectively, crucial in sessions that can last over 12 hours. It upholds parliamentary democracy by giving all MPs, from backbenchers to ministers, a visible chance to contribute, fostering accountability. For example, during Prime Minister's Questions, standing helps highlight urgent issues. The system also has real-world impact: it influences legislative outcomes by controlling who speaks on bills, such as during the Brexit debates from 2016-2019. Internationally, it sets a model for other parliaments, like Canada's House of Commons, which adopted similar practices. Ultimately, it reinforces the Speaker's role in maintaining impartiality and the integrity of parliamentary proceedings.