What causes shih tzus to have seizures

Content on WhatAnswers is provided "as is" for informational purposes. While we strive for accuracy, we make no guarantees. Content is AI-assisted and should not be used as professional advice.

Last updated: April 4, 2026

Quick Answer: Shih Tzus can experience seizures due to a variety of factors, including genetic predispositions, epilepsy, metabolic disorders, toxins, infections, or brain tumors. While epilepsy is a common diagnosis, it's crucial to consult a veterinarian for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan for your Shih Tzu.

Key Facts

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that can cause recurrent seizures in Shih Tzus.
Genetic factors are believed to play a role in the development of idiopathic epilepsy in the breed.
Metabolic imbalances, such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or liver disease, can trigger seizures.
Exposure to toxins, including certain household chemicals or plants, is a potential cause.
Brain tumors, infections (like distemper), or head trauma are less common but serious causes of seizures.

Overview

Seizures in Shih Tzus, like in many other dog breeds, are a symptom of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. This sudden surge can lead to temporary changes in behavior, movement, or consciousness. While a seizure can be a frightening experience for both the dog and the owner, understanding the potential causes is the first step towards effective management and care.

Common Causes of Seizures in Shih Tzus

Several factors can contribute to seizures in Shih Tzus. It's important to remember that a veterinarian is essential for a definitive diagnosis.

Idiopathic Epilepsy

This is one of the most frequently diagnosed causes of seizures in dogs, including Shih Tzus. "Idiopathic" means the cause is unknown. It's believed to have a genetic component, meaning it can be inherited. Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy typically start having seizures between the ages of 6 months and 6 years. The seizures themselves can vary in intensity and duration, ranging from mild "focal" seizures that affect only one part of the body to severe "generalized" seizures that involve the whole body and loss of consciousness.

Metabolic Disorders

Disruptions in the body's normal metabolic processes can lead to seizures. These include:

Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels can deprive the brain of essential glucose, triggering seizures. This is particularly a concern in very young Shih Tzu puppies or older dogs with certain health conditions.
Liver Disease: The liver plays a vital role in filtering toxins from the blood. If the liver is not functioning properly, toxins can build up and affect brain function, leading to seizures. Conditions like portosystemic shunts (abnormal blood vessels that bypass the liver) are particularly relevant.
Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal levels of electrolytes like calcium or sodium can also disrupt brain activity.

Toxins and Poisoning

Ingestion of or exposure to certain toxins can cause severe neurological symptoms, including seizures. Common household items that can be toxic to dogs include:

Certain pesticides and herbicides
Antifreeze
Human medications (e.g., antidepressants, ADHD medications)
Toxic plants (e.g., sago palm, lilies)
Certain foods (e.g., xylitol, chocolate in large quantities)

If you suspect your Shih Tzu has ingested a toxin, contact your veterinarian or a pet poison control center immediately.

Infections

Infections affecting the brain or central nervous system can cause inflammation and seizures. These can include:

Viral Infections: Diseases like canine distemper can have neurological manifestations, including seizures. Vaccinations are crucial in preventing many of these infectious diseases.
Bacterial or Fungal Infections: Meningitis or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) can be caused by bacterial or fungal pathogens.
Parasitic Infections: Certain parasites can migrate to the brain and cause seizures.

Brain Tumors

While less common, brain tumors can develop in Shih Tzus and cause seizures, especially in older dogs. The tumor exerts pressure on brain tissue, disrupting normal function.

Head Trauma

A severe blow to the head can cause brain injury and subsequent seizures. If your Shih Tzu has experienced an accident, a veterinary examination is crucial.

Other Causes

Less common causes include congenital brain abnormalities (present from birth) or inflammatory brain diseases.

What to Do If Your Shih Tzu Has a Seizure

Witnessing a seizure can be distressing. Here are steps to take:

Stay Calm: Your dog needs you to remain composed.
Ensure Safety: Move any objects the dog might injure itself on. Do not try to restrain the dog or put anything in its mouth, as this can cause harm.
Time the Seizure: Note the start and end times. This information is vital for your vet.
Observe: Pay attention to the type of movements, whether the dog is responsive, and any other symptoms.
After the Seizure: The dog may be disoriented, confused, or temporarily blind. Keep it in a quiet, safe place until it recovers.
Contact Your Veterinarian: Even if the seizure is brief and the dog recovers quickly, you should always contact your veterinarian. They will likely want to schedule an examination to determine the cause and discuss treatment options.

Your veterinarian may recommend diagnostic tests such as blood work, urinalysis, X-rays, or even advanced imaging like MRI or CT scans, depending on the suspected cause.