What is this

Last updated: April 1, 2026

Quick Answer: This is a demonstrative pronoun or adjective used to refer to something nearby, just mentioned, or currently in focus. It distinguishes specific items or concepts from others and is one of the fundamental words in English grammar for identification and reference.

Key Facts

Definition of This

This is a demonstrative word in English that serves to identify or point to something specific. It can function as either a demonstrative pronoun (standing alone to replace a noun) or a demonstrative adjective (modifying a noun). The word this is essential for clear communication, allowing speakers and writers to distinguish between multiple items or concepts by specifying which one they mean.

Grammar and Usage

In English grammar, this is classified as a demonstrative that shows proximity in space, time, or relevance. When used as a pronoun, it stands alone: This is interesting. When used as an adjective, it modifies a noun: This book is interesting. The pronoun this refers to something singular and typically closer or more immediate than the alternative demonstrative that.

Proximity and Distance

The core distinction between this and that relates to proximity. This refers to items that are closer in physical distance, temporal immediacy, or psychological relevance. For example, This shirt might refer to a shirt you're holding or wearing, while that shirt refers to a shirt farther away. In time, this moment refers to the present, while that time refers to a past or future moment.

Singular and Plural Forms

This is used for singular items, while its plural counterpart is these. Similarly, that becomes those in plural form. These distinctions are crucial for grammatical accuracy and clear communication. A speaker might say this apple or these apples, depending on whether they're referring to one or multiple items.

Applications in Communication

Demonstratives like this are vital in various communication contexts. In conversation, this helps speakers clarify their meaning without repetition. In writing, this maintains reader clarity by specifying which items are being discussed. In academic and professional settings, this precision prevents ambiguity and misunderstanding, ensuring all parties understand the intended reference.

Related Questions

What is the difference between this and that?

This refers to something closer in distance, time, or relevance, while that refers to something farther away. This is used for immediate or present items, and that for more distant or past items.

What is the difference between 'this' and 'that'?

'This' refers to something close to the speaker or in the present moment, while 'that' refers to something farther away or in the past. For example, 'this cup' means a cup nearby, while 'that cup' means a cup at a distance.

What is the difference between this and that?

This refers to something nearby or currently being discussed, while that refers to something farther away or mentioned previously. This indicates proximity and immediacy, while that indicates distance or earlier reference.

What is the plural of this?

The plural form of this is these, used when referring to multiple items that are closer or more immediate. The plural of that is those.

What is the plural of 'this'?

The plural form of 'this' is 'these.' You would say 'this book' but 'these books.' Similarly, 'that' becomes 'those' in the plural form.

How do you use this in a sentence?

This can be used as a pronoun ('This is a cat'), as an adjective ('This cat is friendly'), or to indicate proximity ('This close to the edge'). The usage depends on what the word is modifying.

Can this be used as a noun?

This can function as a pronoun (replacing a noun), but not as a noun itself. When this stands alone in a sentence like 'This is great,' it's functioning as a pronoun, not a noun.

Can 'this' be used as a determiner and a pronoun?

Yes, 'this' can function as both. As a determiner it precedes a noun ('this dog'), and as a pronoun it stands alone ('This is my dog'). The grammatical function depends on its position and role in the sentence.

Is this a pronoun or an adjective?

This can function as both a pronoun and an adjective depending on context; as a pronoun it stands alone, and as an adjective it modifies a noun that follows it.

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Sources

  1. Wikipedia - Demonstrative CC-BY-SA-4.0
  2. Britannica - Grammar Copyright Britannica